Overview of Medieval Monasticism – Timeline
December 28, 2007251-356 – Life of Anthony
320 – Pachomius (293-346) begins first communal monastery (Tabennisi, Egypt)
330– Amoun and Macarius also found monasteries in the Egyptian desert
370– Basil, Aescetica
386– Jerome founds monasteries in Bethlehem
390-459 Symeon the Stylite (c. 390 – 459) lives atop a column in Syria
401- Augustine of Hippo, On the Works of Monks , a work stressing value of manual labour
453– Patrick commissioned as missionary to Ireland
526– Benedict writes his Rule
563- Columbanus founds monastery at Iona, Scotland
597– Augustine (of Canterbury) sent to British isles as missionary by Pope Gregory I
635 Aidan founds Lindisfarne
663– Synod of Whitby resolves differences between Celtic and Roman Christianity
731– Bede, History of the English Church and People
793– Vikings sack Lindisfarne
909– Berno founds Cluny.
936– Abbot Laffredus of Farfa poisoned by two monks for trying for enforcing the Benedictine rule
943- Dunstan calls for monastic reform in England
1084 – Bruno founds the Carthusians
1098 – Robert Molêsme founds Cistercian order
1099 – First Crusade captures Jerusalem
1115 – Bernard begins Cistercian abbey at Clairvaux
1118 – The Knights Templar form in Jerusalem
1127 – Bernard of Clairvaux, Apologia – prophetic critique of the Cluniacs
1128 – Knights Templar adopt that Cistercian rule
1170 -1221- Life of Dominic
1181/82-1226 – Life of Francis of Assisi
1210 – Pope Innocent III recognizes the Franciscans
1215 Fourth Lateran Council calls for monastic reform and regulation
1217 – Pope Honorius III licenses the Order of Preachers (Dominicans )
1221 – Death of St. Dominic, founder of the Dominican Order
1233 – Dominicans to staff the Roman Inquisition
1243-1256 Pope Innocent IV consolidates OSA (Order of Saint Augustine)
1314– Knights Templar disbanded
1318 – Order of Christ succeeds Knights Templar
1323 – Pope John XXII opposes doctrine of apostolic poverty
1328 – William of Ockham excommunicated for Spiritual Franciscan views
